Multipotent stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult, adherent non-hematopoietic stem cells that were first isolated by Friedenstein et al. in 1970 from bone marrow stroma characterized by long-term self- renewal [1]. In recent years, these cells have been isolated from various post-natal tissues, including bone marrow, placenta, tooth pulp, skin, adipose tissue, the nervous system and kidney.MSCs have the potential to provide effective treatment for a wide range of diseases and can be used in several applications in regenerative medicine such as tissue repair and gene delivery. In addition, MSCs were among the first stem cells to be introduced into clinical practice. Interest- ingly, these cells can modulate the immune response by both inhibiting the maturation/differentiation of dendritic cells and by suppressing the activation and/or function of T and B lymphocytes and NK cells in several autoimmuneand inflammatory diseases.Over the past few years, MSC isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord tissue have been used as the main sources for tissue regeneration or cellular-based therapy, and their immune regulatory effects have been explored [6, 7]. Interestingly, both umbilical cord and adipose tissue can provide an interesting alternative source of MSCs due their efficient potential for expansion and differentiation. In addition, the process of obtaining these cells is less invasive compared to classical bone marrow aspiration.Over the past few years, MSCs have been extensively studied for their potential to provide effective treatment for several inflammatory processes, autoimmune diseases and to promote long-term survival in organ transplantation.