The most common cause of ailments in the hip joint is cartilage wear (osteoarthritis). In most cases it is atrophy, due to age, of the cartilaginous layer. However, diseases such as rheumatism, positional failures or deformations of the head of the femur or the acetabular cavity can also cause coccal osteoarthritis. Patients complain of increasing pain in the groin and / or thigh region. Increasing stiffness of the hip joint occurs, generally associated with disturbances of rest or stress. The radiograph shows a decrease in the inter-articular space and the formation of bony adhesions. Due to the associated discomfort and the failure of traditional therapies, the only viable alternative is usually the implantation of an artificial joint (total endoprosthesis). The prosthesis is a replica of the natural hip joint, including the head and socket. Generally, a ceramic head is combined with a polyethylene cavity. Using a design sketch, the action gauge and cavity size are determined for each patient prior to surgery. The prosthesis is designed according to the patient’s age, anatomical conditions and body weight. Several components are available.
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The knee is the largest joint in the body, and healthy knees are required for most daily activities. The knee is made up of the lower end of the thighbone (femur), the upper end of the shinbone (tibia), and the kneecap (patella). The ends of the three bones where they touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth substance that protects the bones and allows them to move easily. The menisci are located between the femur and the tibia. These two wedge-shaped pieces of cartilage act as “shock absorbers†that cushion the joint. Long ligaments hold the femur and tibia together and provide stability. Long thigh muscles give strength to the knee.
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